361 papers
Cell biology is the study of life at its most fundamental unit: the cell. This field explores how these microscopic building blocks function, communicate, and replicate to sustain living organisms, from the simplest bacteria to complex human tissues. By understanding the machinery inside a cell, scientists unlock secrets about growth, disease, and the very nature of existence itself.
At Gist.Science, we track every new preprint uploaded to bioRxiv within this dynamic category. Our team processes each submission to provide both accessible plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, ensuring you can grasp complex discoveries without getting lost in dense jargon. Below are the latest papers in cell biology, offering a fresh look at the inner workings of life as they are shared with the world.
This study demonstrates that the innate immunity receptors CD14 and TLR4 act as tissue-specific co-receptors that, through MyD88-dependent kinase signaling and circadian replenishment, collaborate with other receptors like MerTK and CD36 to regulate the daily peak of photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells.
This study reveals that the Parkinson's disease-associated LRRK2 G2019S mutation induces reactive oxygen species-dependent nuclear DNA damage, leading to unresolved base excision repair and cytotoxic PARP1 hyperactivation that renders cells vulnerable to PARP-trapping inhibitors.
This study demonstrates that optogenetic recruitment of deregulated PLC-γ1 mutants to the membrane is sufficient to trigger lipid hydrolysis and spatially direct cell motility, revealing that phosphorylation at Tyr783 is a marker of dysregulated autoinhibition rather than a direct proxy for enzymatic activity.
This paper proposes and demonstrates a mathematical framework that utilizes a minimization problem to quantify insulin-stimulated glucose uptake per adipocyte based on cell size, showing that incorporating size-dependent uptake improves the agreement between model predictions and experimental data.
This study demonstrates that S100A4 silencing in JAR choriocarcinoma cells specifically inhibits proliferation and migration without inducing apoptosis or altering invasion, while triggering compensatory signaling rewiring involving elevated IRS1/PI3K and suppressed Akt1.
In differentiated HL-60 neutrophil-like cells, BzATP-activated P2X7 receptor signaling triggers a PI3K/AKT-MRP1-dependent pathway that depletes intracellular glutathione to activate nSMase, thereby driving ceramide-mediated exosome biogenesis as a mechanism for translating inflammatory cues into vesicle communication.
This study reveals that diverse stressors inhibit endocytosis to remodel the cell surface, with osmotic stress specifically driving the accumulation of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) through reduced internalization and enhanced lysosomal exocytosis to promote cellular resilience.
This study identifies that bronchial epithelial cells utilize the fungal lectin FleA to engage host receptors integrin beta 1 and mannose receptor 2, facilitating spore internalization and inhibiting the germination of *Aspergillus fumigatus* into invasive hyphae.
The study reveals that the contractile peri-nuclear actomyosin network (PANEM) repositions chromosomes from unfavorable peripheral and polar locations immediately after nuclear envelope breakdown to facilitate initial kinetochore-microtubule interactions and ensure high-fidelity chromosome segregation.
By integrating large-scale proteomics, evolutionary conservation, machine learning, and chemical genomics, this study establishes a comprehensive human reference ubiquitinome and identifies a functional importance score that distinguishes site-specific ubiquitination roles in signaling versus degradation, ultimately revealing how specific modifications like K320 in ELAVL1 regulate critical cellular functions.